whataretheessentialdifferentbetweensellingandmark

1. whataretheessentialdifferentbetweensellingandmark

填 A between
differences between 某某与某某的不同之处

2. 您好 可以帮我翻译下吗。。谢谢了。

1 巴特系统是由于其本身固有的不足之处而逐渐淡出人们的视野的吗？
2 何为货币？又何为货币的功能？
3 什么因素导致货币的积累？
4 利率和储蓄总量有何区别？
5 请就凯恩斯关于动机原理决定货币的流动性方面做简要陈述。
6 哪些因素能用以对利率结构风险性做出解释？并请详细解释每一种因素对利率风险结构的具体影响。
7 货币扩张政策和货币紧缩政策有何区别？
8 制定货币政策有何目标？
9 开放性市场操作过程有何特点/
10 再次折扣性政策的极限是什么？
11 资产证券化对于其发布者有何不利之处？
12 如何定义货币市场？货币市场的基本功能是什么？
13 哪一种货币市场最具有流动性和最低风险性？为什么？
14 CDs和普通的时间储户有何区别？
15 对银行储户的利率上限实行强制限制的管理的目地是什么？这种强制性管理会最终对货币市场产生什么影响？
16 在T-Bills中的竞争性账户和非竞争性账户有何区别？
17 投资者在使用资本市场和货币市场时有何区别？
18 信用卡的利用率有何意义？
19 为什么债券持有者要对共同持有的债券实行严格契约管理？
20 何为财富缩水？投资者喜欢持有这样的债券吗？为什么？
21 哪些因素能影响债券保险的结构？是如何影响的呢？
22 股票持有者享有哪些权利？
23 对一个公司来说BOS和BOD意味着什么？
24 股票和债券之间有何区别？
25 外资期权和外资交易之间有何区别？个人意见，仅供参考！

3. 高分！请帮忙翻译10句，中译英

1, the "million" is the name of the currency, the Asian financial crisis, did not devalue the yuan as the West is expected rather more firmness than before. 

2、明年人民币的升值压力将会有所减少。2, the pressure on China to revalue the renminbi next year will be reduced. 外国投资的流入速度正在变得缓慢起来。The inflow of foreign investments is becoming slow speed up. 出口增长的减少将使中国贸易顺差缩小，其结果是中国的国际收支状况将肯定变坏。Export growth will reduce China's trade surplus narrowed, the result of China's international balance of payments situation will certainly deteriorate. 

3、商业银行的主要职能之一是为商品的生产与流通提供短期资金。3, a commercial bank and one of its major functions is to provide short-term capital goods production and circulation. 

4、在西方发达国家有两种财务报表是最基本的：一种是收入报表或盈亏报表，另一种是资产负债表。4, the Western countries have two : one is the most basic financial statements or profit and loss statements, income statements. Another is the balance sheet. 资产负债表列出了公司资产和负债的财务报表，能显示一个公司的经营状况和财务状况。The balance sheet presents the company's assets and liabilities in financial statements, will show a company's business condition and financial status. 

5、银行最重要的特征是，它能吸收存款和发放贷款，而一般非银行金融机构是不能这样做的。5, Bank of the most important features is that it can attract deposits and loans. and the general non-bank financial institutions are unable to do so. 

6、美国“格拉斯－斯蒂高尔法案”（Glass-Steagall Act)不允许美国商业银行从事投资银行业务。6. The United States, "Glass-Steagall Act" (Glass-Steagall Act), do not allow the United States commercial banks engaged in investment banking. 

7、虽然竞争日益激烈，但英美的投资银行仍能赚到很多的钱，这是为什么呢？7, although competition is becoming increasingly fierce, but the British and American investment banks can earn a lot of money, which is why? 有一种解释是：股票包销业务仍能依赖发行者与银行之间的密切关系，这使得竞争者很难挤进来。One explanation is this : The stock underwriting business can rely on the close relationship between the issuer and the banks. It is difficult to squeeze competitors to make. 

8、在英国有牵头包销者（lead underwriter），通常为投资银行来帮助安排股票发行事宜。8, the lead underwriter in the United Kingdom (lead underwriter). usually stock issue arranged for investment banks to help matters. 但在实施过程中，牵头包销者会充分重视分包销商（sub－unerwriters）以及机构投资者的作用。But in the process of its implementation, lead underwriters will pay full attention to sub-underwriters (sub-unerwriters) and the role of institutional investors. 

9、在美国付给股票包销者的费用是比较高的，部分原因是美国的高营销成本。9, stock underwriters in the United States to pay the cost is relatively high, partly because of the high marketing cost to the United States. 

10、大多数股票发行者为老字号的大企业。10, and most of the stocks were issued for the oldest name in large enterprises. 它们很少抱怨包销费用的多少。They seldom complain about the amount underwriters. 但从另一方面看，由于这些强有力的大客户，投资银行在其他服务领域，如兼并咨询费方面被迫减少了费用收入。From another perspective, as these big and powerful clients, investment banking services in other areas. being forced to reduce costs as merger advisory revenue. 
1, lowering the average age of the population, income growth to create favorable conditions for the development of the life insurance industry. 
2、美国国际保险集团是美国最大的商业和工业承保商，但它的运营收入的50％来自海外的经营。2, American International Insurance Group is the nation's largest commercial and industrial insurance business. but 50% of its operating income from overseas operations. 
3、共同保险是指由几家保险公司共同分担保险单中的风险。3, co-insurance is shared by several insurance companies, the insurance risk. 
4、债务保险是一种新的保险业务。4, debt insurance is a new business. 有人说，中国的保险公司还没有开展这种保险业务。Some people say that China's insurance companies have not carried out such insurance. 
5、债券与股票都是证券，但两者有区别。5, stocks and bonds are securities, but there is a distinction between them. 最本质的区别是：债券是债务凭证，而股票则是所有权的证明。Notes : The essential difference is the debt instruments, while the stock is evidence of title. 
6、股市分两种，一种叫“牛市”，指股票价格持续上扬的股票市场；另一种叫“熊市”，指股价不断下跌的股票市场。6, the stock market at the two, called a "bull market," referring to the stock market share prices continued to rise; Another is "bearish" referring to the falling stock market prices. 
7、成100股的股票交易称之为“整份购买”。7, the 100 shares of stock transactions called "the whole purchase." 少于100股的股票购买称之为“零星购买”。Less than 100 shares of stock as "sporadic buying." 零星购买时，“投资者”要交较高的费用。Sporadic buying, "investors" have to pay a higher fee. 
8、除付股票价格外，购买者还得向经济商行（brokerage firm）支付服务佣金，佣金一般是股票交易总价值的1－2％。8, the stock price was paid, economy buyers need to firms (brokerage firm) payment services commission The commission is generally 1-2% of the total value of stock transactions. 
9、造成泰国金融危机的原因不少，其中主要的有：严重的经常项目逆差、泰铢的过早自由兑换，以及短期外国投机资本流入过多。9, the Thai financial crisis caused by many reasons, chief of which are : the current account deficit. Premature free convertibility of the Thai baht and excessive short-term foreign speculative capital inflows. 
10、经济学中长期争论的一个问题是：固定汇率是否优于浮动汇率？10, the long-term economics is an issue of dispute : whether it is superior to a fixed exchange rate floating exchange rate? 对此问题作出过分简单的回答是不适当的，因为无论哪种汇率都是不完美的，它们都有自己的优点和缺点。The simple answer to this question is too much inappropriate, because no matter what the exchange rate is not perfect. They have their own advantages and disadvantages. 
1, the fixed rate or floating rate are not a substitute for sound macroeconomic policies. 这些政策显然包括货币政策和财政政策。Clearly these policies, including monetary policy and fiscal policy. 
2、由于最近泰国实施了一些极端的控制手段，泰国银行已不被允许向进行投机的外国投资者出售投资者出售其本国货币，外国投资者也不能再出售泰国股票换成泰铢。2, due to the recent implementation of the extreme means of control in Thailand. Bank of Thailand has not allowed foreign investors to sell speculative investors to sell their own currencies, Thailand could no longer sell shares to foreign investors into the Thai baht. 
3、联邦储备银行系统（简称“美联储”）是美国的中央银行，其职能是：政府的银行、银行的银行、发行的银行和执行货币政策。3, the Federal Reserve Bank System ( "Federal Reserve Board") is the Central Bank of the United States, whose function is : bank Bank of banks, issuing banks and the implementation of monetary policy. 
4、在美国有12格联邦储备区，每个区都设有一个联邦储备银行。4, 12 Georgia in the United States Federal Reserve districts, each have a Federal Reserve Bank. 为协调这12个联储银行的业务活动，在首都华盛顿建立了联邦储备委员会。This 12 Federal Reserve banks for the coordination of operational activities, the establishment of the Federal Reserve Board in Washington. 
5、公开市场操作涉及到对政府证券的买卖，政府证券包括短期国库券（treasury bills）和长期债券两种。5, the open market operation involving the sale of government securities. Treasuries, including short-term government securities (treasury bills) and two long-term bonds. 出售这些证券可以减少货币供应，而当购买这些证券时可以使利率下减，增加货币供应，从而加快经济发展。These securities may be sold to reduce the money supply and interest rates when buying these securities can be lowered under increasing money supply, in order to accelerate economic development. 
6、美联储除用贴现政策、存款准备金、公开市场业务这些传统的执行货币政策工具外，近几年来还越来越多地使用利率来调节货币供应量。6, in addition to the Federal Reserve discount policy, the deposit reserve requirement, the implementation of the open market operations of these traditional tools of monetary policy, In recent years also increasingly using interest rates to regulate money supply. 
7、银行破产经常让政府感到恐惧，因此不少国家的政府创立了存款保险计划，如成立存款保险公司。7, bankruptcy often let the banks fear the government, the governments of many countries are founded a deposit insurance scheme. If the establishment of Deposit Insurance Corporation. 这样做的目的是为了保护储户使他们免受因银行破产所带来的损害。Their purpose in doing so is to protect depositors and keep them from the damage caused by the insolvency of banks. 
8、呆帐、坏帐问题不能小看，这些问题会导致一连串银行破产的发生。8, so the problem of bad debts should not be underestimated, which will lead to a series of bank insolvencies from happening. 资本充足标准就是在此背景下产生的。Capital Adequacy Standards in the background. 该标准要求银行留出一定数量的钱以便在银行资产价值失去时保护存款人和债权人的利益。The standards require banks to set aside a certain amount of money in the bank to protect the value of the assets lost when the interests of depositors and creditors. 
9、一些借款人不付利息，甚至不能付还本金，这是商业面临的风险。9, some borrowers do not pay interest, not even on repayment of principal, which is the commercial risk. 为对付这种风险，按国际标准，银行必须至少留出相当其贷款组合价值的8％。To counter this risk, in accordance with international standards, banks are required to set aside at least 8% of the value of their loan portfolios quite. 世界上不少银行家认为此标准业已过时，一些银行管理者也觉得有关的国际资本充足规定必须现代化，以适应新的已改变了的形势。Many of the world's bankers that this standard has been outdated Some managers also feel that the international capital adequacy requirements must be modernized to meet the new situation has changed. 
10、银行提供的贷款有风险，但风险并不一致。10, the bank's lending risk, but risk is not unanimous. 对政府和金融机构的贷款风险肯定比向一般企业的贷款风险要小。Loans to the government and financial institutions to risk than the risk of loans to small businesses in general. 即使向企业的贷款风险也有差别。Even if there are differences in the risk of loans to enterprises. 对盈利甚丰的公司的贷款几乎没有风险，而向一个亏损企业的贷款风险则一定很大。HSBC profit for the company's credit almost no risk to the risk of loans is certainly a great loss.

4. what are the differences between commom stock and preferred stoc

普通股和优先股的区别是什么。

5. what's the difference between equity listing and equity issue?

股份上市和股份发行
其实是一个过程中的两个环节
股份有限公司将自己的资产划分为等额股份，在筹集资金的时候，需要有人来认购你公司的股份才行，那么股份的发行就是面向公众发行公司的股票，由公众来认购的过程。以筹集公司所需资金。
股份发行后，在符合一定条件下，公司的股票可以在证券交易所上市流通，国内就是上交所和深交所，一般上市的条件比较严格。股票上市流通所解决的问题就是资金的退出渠道的问题，公众持有的公司股份，可以通过证券交易所转让给其他的投资者。
明的了不。。。。不懂的话可以看看证券相关的书籍！

6. what is the difference between inquiry and enquiry

inquiry: [ in'kwaiəri ]  

n. 打听,询问,调查,查问

 
例句与用法: 
1. The police are making inquiries about the crime. 
 警方正在询问罪案的情况。 
 
2. In answer to your recent inquiry, the book you mention is not in stock. 
 您近日询问的书暂时无货, 谨此奉覆. 
 
3. `How do I apply for this licence?' `You want inquiries.' 
 ‘怎样申请许可证?’‘你得到问讯处打听.’ 
 
4. I've been making (some) inquiries (ie trying to find out) about it. 
 我一直在（多方）打听这件事. 
 
5. They've promised a thorough inquiry into the plane crash. 
 他们答应对这次飞机失事进行彻底的调查。 
 
6. The inquiry was critical of her work. 
 该项调查对她的工作提出了批评。 
 
7. In response to your inquiry... 
 兹答覆您的询问... 
 
8. We made an application to the court for an inquiry. 
 我们曾请求法院调查。 
 

enquiry: [ in'kwaiəri ]  

n. 询问

 
例句与用法: 
1. With respect to your enquiry, I enclose an explanatory leaflet. 
 关於你的询问, 兹附上有关说明资料. 
 
2. I am sorry, I am not able to help you with your enquiry. 
 对不起，我无法帮助回答您的询问。 
 
3. Many thanks for your reply to our enquiry March1. 
 非常感谢贵方对我们3月1日询问信件的答复。 
 
4. No new evidence emerged during the enquiry. 
 在调查过程中未发现新证据. 
 
5. Various malpractices by police officers were brought to light by the enquiry. 
 警察的各种不法行为经调查已揭露出来. 
 
6. He's quite within his rights to demand an enquiry. 
 他完全有权要求进行调查.